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1.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 42(4): 224-230, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763359

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTObjective:to analyze the associated factors with empyema in patients with post-traumatic retained hemothorax.Methods:prospective observational study. Data were collected in patients undergoing PD during emergency duty. Variables analyzed were age, sex, mechanism of injury, side of the chest injury, intrathoracic complications of RH, laparotomy, specific injuries, rib fractures, trauma scores, days to diagnosis, diagnostic method of RH, primary indication of PD, initial volume drained, length of the first tube removal, surgical procedure. Cumulative incidence of empyema, pneumonia and pulmonary contusion and the proportion of patients with empyema or without empyema in each category of each variable analyzed were obtained.Results: the cumulative incidence of PD among trauma patients was 1.83% and the RH among those with PD was 10.63%. There were 20 cases of empyema (32.8%). Most were male in the age from 20 to 29, victims of injury by firearm on the left side of the thorax. The incidence of empyema in patients with injury by firearms was lower compared to those with stab wound or blunt trauma; higher among those with drained volume between 300 and 599 ml. The median hospital lenght of stay was higher among those with empyema.Conclusion:the incidence of PD was 1.83% and RH was 10.63%, these results are consistent with the low severity of the patients involved in this study and consistent with the literature. The incidence of empyema proved to be negatively associated with the occurrence of injury by firearms and positively associated with a drained volume between 300 and 599 ml, compared with lower or higher volumes.


RESUMOObjetivo:analisar os fatores associados ao empiema em pacientes com hemotórax retido pós-traumático.Métodos:estudo prospectivo observacional. Os dados foram coletados de pacientes submetidos à drenagem pleural de emergência. Foram analisadas: idade, sexo, mecanismo de trauma, lado da lesão torácica, complicações intratorácicas decorrentes do hemotórax retido, laparotomia, lesões específicas, fratura de arcos costais, índices de trauma, dias até o diagnóstico, método diagnóstico do HR, indicação primária da drenagem pleural, volume inicial drenado, dias de permanência do primeiro dreno, procedimento cirúrgico. Obteve-se a incidencia acumulada de empiema, pneumonia e contusão pulmonar e a incidência de empiema em cada categoria das variaìveis analisadas.Resultados:a incidência acumulada de drenagem pleural por trauma foi 1,83% e a de hemotórax retido entre aqueles com derrame pleural foi de 10,63%. Houve 20 casos de empiema (32,8%). A maioria tinha entre 20 e 29 anos, era do sexo masculino e sofreu ferimento por arma de fogo. A incidência de empiema entre pacientes com ferimento por arma de fogo foi inferior aos demais mecanismos; superior entre aqueles com volume drenado entre 300 e 599 ml. O tempo mediano de permanência hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes com empiema.Conclusão:as incidências de derrame pleural e hemotórax retido entre aqueles com DP nessa amostra de baixa gravidade dos pacientes foram, respectivamente, 1,83% e 10,63%. A incidência de empiema revelou-se negativamente associada à ocorrência de ferimento por arma de fogo e positivamente associada a volume drenado entre 300 e 599 ml, bem como, ao tempo mediano de permanência hospitalar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Empyema/etiology , Hemothorax/complications , Prospective Studies , Empyema/epidemiology , Hemothorax/etiology , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 13(1)abr. 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-749219

ABSTRACT

The vitamin K antagonists are the most widely used oral anticoagulant. Although bleedings are common side effect, development of hemothorax is rare. Most cases are associated with impairment in pleura or parenchyma structural alteration in the presence of INR values outside therapeutic range. We report the case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis presenting with massive hemothorax under anticoagulation with warfarin and present an overview of the main aspects related to warfarin overdose. A 58-year-old woman was evaluated due to transvaginal bleeding and dry cough. In her past medical history, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and deep venous thrombosis was reported. She had clinical signs of anemia and pulmonary auscultation revealed no lung sounds in the lower third of the right hemithorax. The hemoglobin was 7,2g/dL and the international normalized ratio (INR) was greater than 9. The tomographic study showed pleural effusion and pulmonary embolism in the left pulmonary artery with chronic characteristics, but was negative for pulmonary infarct. The patient received crystalloids, vitamin K and transfusions of blood products. Thoracentesis demonstrated presence of hemothorax. After recovery and hospital discharge, an elective pleural biopsy reveals pleural tissue without histological changes and no signs of malignancy. Despite the fact that hemothorax is a rare complication in patients on oral anticoagulants, this occurrence can be life threatening. The evidence of pleural effusion in these patients should always raise the suspicion of hemothorax. Comorbidities that may affect the lung may be predisposing factors for the occurrence of hemothorax, but the roll of pleural and parenchymal diseases of the lung is not fully clarified and investigation of such conditions should be encouraged.


Os antagonistas da vitamina K são os anticoagulantes orais mais utilizados. Embora sangramentos sejam efeitos colaterais comuns, o desenvolvimento de hemotórax é raro. A maioria dos casos está associada ao comprometimento da pleura ou alteração estrutural do parênquima na presença de valores de INR fora da faixa terapêutica. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com artrite reumatóide e em anticoagulação com varfarina que apresentou-se com hemotórax maciço. Apresentamos também uma visão geral sobre os principais aspectos relacionados à intoxicação varfarínica. Uma mulher de 58 anos de idade foi avaliada devido a sangramento transvaginal e tosse seca. Em seu histórico médico, artrite reumatóide, tabagismo e trombose venosa profunda foram relatados. Ela tinha sinais clínicos de anemia e a ausculta pulmonar revelou ruídos abolidos no terço inferior do hemitórax direito. A hemoglobina era de 7,2g/dL e a relação normatizada internacional (RNI) maior do que 9. O estudo tomográfico mostrou derrame pleural e embolia na artéria pulmonar esquerda com características crônicas, mas foi negativo para infarto pulmonar. O paciente recebeu cristalóides, vitamina K e transfusões de hemocomponentes. A toracocentese demonstrou presença de hemotórax. Após a recuperação e alta hospitalar, uma biópsia pleural eletiva revelou tecido pleural sem alterações histológicas e sem sinais de malignidade. Apesar do fato de que hemotórax é uma complicação rara em pacientes que tomam anticoagulantes orais, esta ocorrência pode ser fatal. A evidência de derrame pleural nesses pacientes deve sempre levantara suspeita de hemotórax. Co-morbidades que podem afetar o pulmão podem ser fatores predisponentes para a ocorrência de hemotórax, mas o papel de doenças pleurais e parenquimatosas do pulmão não está totalmente esclarecido e a investigação de tais condições deve ser incentivada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Hemothorax/etiology , Warfarin/adverse effects , Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitors
3.
Rev. chil. cir ; 66(5): 483-485, set. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724803

ABSTRACT

Background: Schwannomas are the most common neurogenic tumors of the posterior mediastinum. They are usually asymptomatic and the symptoms associated with them are chest pain, cough and dyspnea. Case report: We report a 36 years old female consulting in the emergency room due to sudden onset dyspnea. The imaging study confirmed the presence of a hemothorax secondary to a tumor of the posterior mediastinum, which was surgically excised. The pathological study reported a Schwannoma.


Introducción: El mediastino es un área anatómica que contiene estructuras y células pluripotenciales que pueden originar distintos tumores. Los Schwannomas son los tumores neurogénicos más comunes del mediastino posterior, se caracterizan por tener un crecimiento lento. A menudo son asintomáticos y se diagnostican como hallazgos radiológicos. Cuando son sintomáticos, lo más común es que presenten dolor torácico, tos y disnea. El hemotórax es una rara forma de manifestación. Caso clínico: Se presenta en este trabajo el caso de una mujer de 36 años, que ingresa al servicio de urgencia por un cuadro de disnea súbita. El estudio por imágenes confirma el diagnóstico de hemotórax, secundario a un tumor de mediastino posterior, el cual requiere cirugía. Anatomía patológica corrobora el diagnóstico presuntivo de Swchannoma de mediastino posterior. Conclusión: La cirugía es necesaria para poder resecar completamente el tumor y en el Schwannoma benigno es curativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Hemothorax/etiology , Mediastinal Neoplasms/surgery , Mediastinal Neoplasms/complications , Neurilemmoma/surgery , Neurilemmoma/complications , Hemothorax/surgery
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-154402

ABSTRACT

Intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm (IAP) is a rare entity and may complicate a percutaneous intervention through an intercostal space or follow thoracic trauma. Its rupture into the pleural space can give rise to haemothorax, which if untreated may lead to a retained haemothorax (RH). Traditionally both the IAP and the RH are managed by a thoracotomy. We report a patient who developed an IAP with haemothorax following a trauma. The diagnosis was established by computed tomography. The patient was treated by endovascular embolisation of the IAP followed by thoracoscopic decortications of the RH.


Subject(s)
Aneurysm, False/etiology , Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm, False/therapy , Diabetes Complications , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Hemothorax/etiology , Hemothorax/diagnostic imaging , Hemothorax/surgery , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Intercostal Muscles/blood supply , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Thoracic Injuries/etiology , Thoracoscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Wounds, Stab/complications
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 100(2): e16-e20, fev. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-667964

ABSTRACT

MSM, homem, 69 anos, procurou atendimento médico por dor em dorso esquerdo e membro inferior direito. A radiografia de tórax revelou alargamento do mediastino. Estava em observação quando apresentou rebaixamento da consciência e choque. Foi observado enfisema subcutâneo em hemitórax esquerdo e abolição do murmúrio vesicular em base do mesmo pulmão. Foi feita a intubação orotraqueal e realizada drenagem de hemitórax esquerdo, com saída de líquido serossanguinolento. O ecocardiograma revelou ventrículo esquerdo (D/S): 44/29 mm; septo 12 mm; parede posterior 13 mm; discreta dilatação em raiz da aorta, presença de lâmina de dissecção e hematoma periaórtico. As valvas e pericárdio eram normais. O paciente foi transferido para o InCor. O exame físico (21 out 2004: 10h45) revelou paciente sedado, com intubação orotraqueal, com palidez cutânea, frequência cardíaca 90 bpm, pressão arterial 130 x 80 mmHg, drenagem torácica sanguinolenta do dreno tórax. Eletrocardiograma - frequência 90 bpm, ritmo sinusal, baixa voltagem no plano frontal e diminuição de voltagem em derivações esquerdas (fig. 1). A tomografia revelou enfisema subcutâneo bilateral, aorta torácica com contornos imprecisos na sua porção descendente (da artéria subclávia até porção média), colapso do pulmão esquerdo e grande coleção de características hemáticas em mesmo hemitórax e no mediastino médio e posterior. Pequeno pneumotórax à direita; pequeno derrame pleural à direita com alterações do parênquima subjacente. A análise do coração foi prejudicada pela presença do hemotórax. Durante a realização de tomografia apresentou ausência de pulsos, midríase, com assistolia, sem resposta às manobras de ressuscitação e faleceu (21 out 2011; 15h).


The patient, MSM, a 69-year-old man, sought medical care due to left dorsal and right lower limb pain. The chest x-ray showed mediastinal enlargement. He was undergoing examination when he lost consciousness and went into shock. Subcutaneous emphysema was observed in the left hemithorax, as well as abolition of breath sounds at auscultation. Tracheal intubation was performed with draining of blood-tinged fluid from the left hemithorax. Echocardiography showed left ventricle with 44/29 mm; septum, 12 mm; posterior wall, 13 mm; mild aortic root dilation, dissection of the lamina and periaortic hematoma. The valves and pericardium were normal. The patient was transferred to Instituto do Coraçao - InCor. Physical examination (21 Oct 2004: 10:45) showed that the patient was sedated with tracheal intubation, pale, heart rate at 90 bpm, blood pressure 130 x 80 mmHg, bloody drainage in the chest tube. Electrocardiogram - frequency 90 bpm, sinus rhythm, low voltage in the frontal plane and decreased voltage in left leads (Fig. 1). Computed tomography showed bilateral subcutaneous emphysema, thoracic aorta with inaccurate borders in its descending portion (from the subclavian artery to the middle portion), collapsed left lung and extensive collection of hematic characteristics in same hemithorax and middle and posterior mediastinum. Small right pneumothorax; small right pleural effusion with underlying parenchymal alterations. The analysis of the heart was impaired by the presence of hemothorax. While undergoing computed tomography, the patient showed no pulse, mydriasis, with asystole unresponsive to resuscitation and died (21 Oct 2011; 15:00 h).


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/complications , Aortic Coarctation/complications , Shock/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology , Aortic Coarctation/diagnosis , Aortic Coarctation/pathology , Back Pain/etiology , Chest Pain/etiology , Fatal Outcome , Hemothorax/etiology , Hemothorax/pathology , Lower Extremity
6.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 86-90, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-44591

ABSTRACT

Vascular involvement in neurofibromatosis type 1 is rare but has the potential to be fatal. We report a case of a patient with spontaneous rupture of a left intercostal artery aneurysm, which presented as a massive left hemothorax and was successfully treated by transarterial coil embolization.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Angiography , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Hemothorax/etiology , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Rupture, Spontaneous , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
8.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2010 May; 64(5) 237-240
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145512

ABSTRACT

Choriocarcinoma include a spectrum of chorionic neoplasms that may be gestational or non-gestational. By virtue of their high vascularity and affinity of trophoblast for blood vessels, metastases often occur early, and the most common site of such metastases is the lung. Metastatic pleural effusions from choriocarcinoma are infrequent. Pleural seeding usually results from extension of a sub-pleural peripheral nodule. We describe a case of gestational choriocarcinoma whose clinical presentation was medical like hemothorax as in our case rather than gynecologic.


Subject(s)
Adult , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Choriocarcinoma/diagnosis , Choriocarcinoma/drug therapy , Choriocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Dactinomycin/analogs & derivatives , Dactinomycin/therapeutic use , Etoposide/therapeutic use , Female , Hemothorax/etiology , Hydatidiform Mole/etiology , Humans , Methotrexate/therapeutic use
9.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 36(6): 482-486, nov.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539545

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar os pacientes submetidos à toracotomia para o tratamento de traumatismo torácico. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise de prontuários nos dois principais hospitais de referência para trauma em adultos desta cidade, por um período de cinco anos, interessando dados epidemiológicos, agente causal, indicações, tipo de incisão, classificação do escore anatômico do trauma, fatores prognósticos e a mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Foi analisado neste estudo 124 pacientes submetidos à toracotomia com idade média de 28 anos, tendo como o agente causal mais incidente a arma branca (68 por cento dos casos). A principal indicação da toracotomia foi hemotórax maciço com 50,7 por cento dos casos, seguido de choque cardiogênico ou hipovolêmico com 48,4 por cento. Ocorreram 28 óbitos (20,6 por cento), sendo que os pacientes com lesões de veia cava (cinco pacientes) e aorta (dois pacientes) tiveram uma mortalidade de 100 por cento. Observou-se uma maior mortalidade em pacientes com escore anatômico do trauma superior a 14 (p=0,004) e maior quantidade de sangue transfundido (p=0,090). CONCLUSÃO: O perfil do paciente que foi vítima de traumatismo torácico e submetido à toracotomia exploradora é o seguinte: jovem, do sexo masculino e vítima de trauma por arma branca. Os fatores que mais contribuíram para o êxito letal foram o elevado escore anatômico do trauma e a associação com lesões vasculares importantes, como da artéria aorta e veia cava.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze patients who underwent thoracotomy for the treatment of chest trauma in the City of Manaus. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study through analyzed records in the two main reference hospitals for trauma adults in this city during a period of 5 years. We considered for this study the epidemiological data, causal agent, type of incision, anatomical classification score of trauma, prognostic factors and mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed 124 patients who underwent thoracotomy with a mean age of 28 years. Stab wounds were the most common casual agent (68 percent). The main indication for thoracotomy was massive hemothorax with 50.7 percent of cases, followed by cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock with 48.4 percent. There were 28 deaths (20.6 percent). Patients with vena cava injuries (5 patients) and aorta lesions (2 patients) had 100 percent mortality rate. There was a higher mortality in patients with major index of trauma (p = 0004), and largest quantity of blood transfused (p = 0090). CONCLUSION: Thoracic trauma patients submitted to exploratory thoracotomy were young, males and victims of stab wound trauma. The most contributing death factors were the lethal anatomical score, more than 15 points, and the association with major vascular lesions, as the aorta and vena cava.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Thoracic Injuries/surgery , Thoracotomy , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Hemothorax/etiology , Hemothorax/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology , Shock, Cardiogenic/surgery , Trauma Severity Indices , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Thoracic Injuries/mortality , Wounds, Stab/complications , Wounds, Stab/surgery
10.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 24(2): 245-248, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525558

ABSTRACT

Dissecção da aorta torácica é doença de grande mortalidade em sua fase inicial, mas pode, em alguns casos, se cronificar. Relatamos caso de paciente com dissecção crônica de aorta tipo B (Stanford), admitido na Emergência com confusão mental, dispnéia e relato de hemoptise importante. O eletrocardiograma mostrava alterações inespecíficas e a radiografia de tórax revelou opacificação do hemitórax esquerdo. O ecocardiograma transtorácico não evidenciou dissecção aórtica, mas demonstrou imagem compatível com hemotórax, ocasionando a suspeita de ruptura da aorta. O paciente evoluiu em colapso cardiovascular e óbito. Este caso descreve duas apresentações atípicas da dissecção de aorta: hemotórax e hemoptise importante.


Thoracic aortic dissection is a disease of great mortality in its initial phase, but in some cases it can assume chronic course. We report a case of a patient with Stanford type A1 aortic dissection, admitted with mental confusion, dyspnea and event of severe hemoptysis. Electrocardiogram showed unspecific change and chest X-ray revealed opacification of the left hemithorax. Transthoracic echocardiogram did not show aortic dissection, but showed image similar to hemithorax leading to the suspicion of aortic rupture. The patient developed cardiovascular collapse and evolved to death. This case describes two unusual presentations of aortic dissection: hemothorax and severe hemoptysis.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Aortic Dissection/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/complications , Aortic Rupture/complications , Hemoptysis/etiology , Hemothorax/etiology , Chronic Disease , Fatal Outcome , Hemothorax
11.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci ; 2008 Jul-Sep; 50(3): 285-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-29436

ABSTRACT

Arteriovenous malformations of the lung are relatively uncommon lesions with varied clinical presentation. Nearly half of these are associated with Osler-Rendu-Weber disease. Magnetic resonance angiography is an accurate and non-invasive diagnostic modality. We report a case of a 56-year-old male who had massive haemothorax due to rupture of a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation arising from the right interlobar artery.


Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Hemothorax/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Pulmonary Veins/abnormalities , Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
12.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 17(3/4): 153-156, jul.-dez. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556565

ABSTRACT

As manifestações pulmonares catameniais apresentam-se de maneira variada. Podem ser identificadas como quadro de dor torácica, hidrotórax, hidropneumotórax ou pneumotórax, que acontecem durante o período menstrual. O pneumotórax catamenial, a manifestação mais freqüente, é um tipo pouco comum de pneumotórax espontâneo no qual há acúmulo recorrente de ar na cavidade torácica durante a menstruação. Foi descrito inicialmente em 1958 por Maurer et al. Incide principalmente entre a terceira e a quarta décadas de vida. Várias hipóteses são aventadas para explicar as possíveis causas dessa afecção. Também são várias as controvérsias acerca do tratamento mais adequado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hemothorax/etiology , Hydropneumothorax/etiology , Menstruation , Pneumothorax/etiology , Endometriosis , Hemothorax/surgery , Hemothorax/drug therapy , Hydropneumothorax/surgery , Hydropneumothorax/drug therapy , Pneumothorax/surgery , Pneumothorax/drug therapy
13.
Indian Pediatr ; 2007 Oct; 44(10): 785-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-15660

ABSTRACT

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis of childhood with cardiac, renal, pulmonary and neurological complications. Hemorrhagic serous effusions, liver dysfunction and relapsing course in spite of treatment are rare. We report an atypical case of KD with a relapsing course, hemorrhagic effusions and hepatic dysfunction, that required two repeated courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methylprednisolone.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Hemothorax/etiology , Humans , Liver Failure/etiology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Pleural Effusion/etiology
14.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 83(1): 64-70, Jan.-Feb. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-444530

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a freqüência de sucesso e de complicações da punção percutânea da veia subclávia em crianças e adolescentes e identificar os fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se uma série de 204 punções percutâneas da veia subclávia, utilizando cateter de cloreto de polivinil (Intracath®) em crianças e adolescentes no Instituto Materno-Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira no período de 01/12/2003 a 30/04/2004. Foram analisadas variáveis relacionadas ao paciente, como idade, e relacionadas ao procedimento, como sucesso, tipo de anestesia, complicações, quem realizou e número de tentativas de punção. RESULTADOS: Houve sucesso em 89,2 por cento das punções. O percentual de sucesso foi significantemente maior nas punções realizadas com a criança sob narcose (94 por cento). Cerca de 43,2 por cento das punções evoluíram com complicações relacionadas à inserção do cateter; no entanto, complicações de maior gravidade ocorreram em apenas 3,5 por cento dos casos. Houve um maior número de complicações nas punções realizadas pelo residente do primeiro ano (58,8 por cento), sendo que este realizou um percentual de procedimentos significativamente maior em crianças menores de 1 ano e com a realização de um maior número de tentativas no mesmo paciente. CONCLUSÕES: A realização do procedimento com o paciente sob narcose mostrou aumentar a chance de sucesso. Há maior chance de complicações relacionadas à inserção do cateter em punções de veia subclávia realizadas por médicos menos experientes, sendo prudente selecionar as punções em situações de maior risco para cirurgiões com maior experiência no procedimento.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the rates of success and of complications of percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterization in children and adolescents and to identify factors associated with them. METHODS: This was a study of a series of 204 percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterizations of children and adolescents, using polyvinyl chloride catheters (Intracath®), at the Instituto Materno-Infantil Professor Fernando Figueira between December 1, 2003 and April 30, 2004. An analysis was performed of variables related to the patient, such as age, and of variables related to the procedure such as success/failure, type of anesthesia, complications, who performed the procedure and the number of attempts needed. RESULTS: Overall, 89.2 percent of catheterizations were successful. Percentage success rates were significantly greater when percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterization was performed with the child sedated (94 percent). Around 43.2 percent of subclavian catheterizations progressed with complications related to insertion of the catheter; however, complications of greater severity were observed in just 3.5 percent of cases. There were a greater number of complications related to percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterizations performed by a first-year resident (58.8 percent), who performed a significantly greater percentage of procedures on children younger than 1 year and who also made a greater number of attempts per patient. CONCLUSIONS: The chance of success was greater when patients were sedated for catheterization. There was a greater chance of complications related to insertion of the catheter when percutaneous subclavian central venous catheterization was performed by less experienced physicians, and it would be prudent to designate those central venous catheterizations that present greater risk to surgeons with greater experience in the experience.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Subclavian Vein , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Hemothorax/etiology , Internship and Residency , Medical Errors , Pneumothorax/etiology
15.
Cir. & cir ; 74(6): 425-429, nov.-dic. 2006. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-571243

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la rotura traumática del diafragma es una lesión infrecuente que aparece en politraumatismos o agresiones. Predomina en los varones entre 20 y 50 años de edad, siendo los accidentes de tráfico la principal causa en Europa. El diagnóstico preoperatorio requiere alto nivel de sospecha junto con las adecuadas exploraciones radiológicas. El retraso diagnóstico se asocia con elevada morbilidad y mortalidad, constituyendo la intervención quirúrgica inmediata un factor determinante para el éxito en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este informe fue analizar la incidencia y epidemiología de la rotura traumática del diafragma en nuestro medio, y exponer nuestros resultados en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta lesión. Material y métodos: presentamos siete casos correspondientes al periodo 1999-2005 y analizamos el motivo de ingreso, la clínica, las formas de diagnóstico, las lesiones asociadas, el tratamiento y la evolución. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de rotura diafragmática es difícil debido a su baja frecuencia y a su sintomatología variable, no obstante, debe ser considerado en todo paciente politraumatizado. La tomografía helicoidal es la exploración radiológica de elección y la vía de abordaje más adecuada es la laparotomía media.


BACKGROUND: Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is an infrequent lesion usually found in polytrauma cases or after violent attacks. Patients are usually males between 20 and 50 years old, and car accidents are the main causes in Europe. Preoperative diagnosis must be based on a high level of suspicion and appropriate radiological explorations. Diagnostic delay is associated with high morbidity and mortality and early surgical treatment is required for successful management. We undertook this study to analyze the epidemiology of diaphragmatic rupture and to report our results in the diagnosis and treatment of this injury. METHODS: We present seven cases from 1999 through 2005. We analyzed the reasons for admission, signs and symptoms, diagnostic approach, associated lesions, treatment and course. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture is difficult due to changeable symptomatology; nevertheless, it must be considered in all polytraumatized patients. Computerized tomography is the radiological exploration of choice and the most suitable surgical approach is laparotomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Diaphragm/injuries , Accidents, Traffic , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Chest Pain/etiology , Wounds, Stab/diagnosis , Wounds, Stab/surgery , Liver/injuries , Fractures, Bone/complications , Hemothorax/etiology , Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic/etiology , Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic/surgery , Incidence , Laparotomy , Retrospective Studies , Rupture , Splenic Rupture/complications , Splenic Rupture/surgery , Thoracotomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Multiple Trauma/complications
16.
Cir. & cir ; 74(6): 409-414, nov.-dic. 2006. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-571245

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el derrame pleural es una entidad clínica frecuente, su estudio y manejo son importantes para resolverlo. El objetivo fue evaluar los resultados inmediatos de los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos en casos consecutivos de derrame pleural. Material y métodos: durante un periodo de 12 meses, de 787 pacientes hospitalizados, 156 (19.8 %) presentaron derrame pleural. También se evaluaron 22 casos de neumotórax considerados como derrame gaseoso y 10 con empiema crónico. Resultados y discusión: en 23 casos no neoplásicos, la toracentesis diagnóstica y evacuadora resolvió el derrame. El drenaje con sonda intrapleural conectada a sello de agua se practicó en 133: en 109 (81.9 %) se resolvió el derrame y en 24 se practicaron otros procedimientos. En este grupo el derrame fue neoplásico en 35 y no neoplásico en 98, incluidos 36 iatrogénicos; 22 casos de neumotórax se consideraron como derrame gaseoso y fueron tratados con sonda intrapleural; 10 casos de empiema crónico fueron estudiados como secuelas de derrames, no fueron resueltos con los procedimientos mencionados. Hubo diferencia significativa entre derrames neoplásicos y no neoplásicos (p = 0.001), y entre casos manejados con procedimientos de invasión mínima y sonda intrapleural (p = 0.001), por comparación de proporciones. Se comenta la utilidad de la pleurodesis y la toracoscopia en el tratamiento del derrame. En casos crónicos la toracostomía en ventana y mioplastia consecutiva tienen indicación precisa. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos del derrame pleural son importantes. La colocación de sonda pleural resuelve la mayoría de los casos (89.9 %). El neumotórax debe ser igualmente manejado. El empiema crónico requiere toracostomía en ventana y mioplastia. Las maniobras descuidadas o inadecuadas provocan derrames de naturaleza iatrogénica.


BACKGROUND: Pleural effusion is a common clinical entity. Proper diagnosis and management are important for successful treatment. We undertook this study to evaluate immediate results of the procedures used in a group of cases with pleural effusion. METHODS: Of 2589 patients at first consultation, 787 were hospitalized and 156 had pleural effusion. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used were evaluated. RESULTS: With thoracentesis and evacuation of liquid, 23 nonneoplastic cases had resolution. Chest tube drainage with water seal was performed in 133 patients. This procedure suppressed the effusion in 109 patients, but in 24 patients another approach was necessary. In this group there were 35 neoplastic and 96 nonmalignant cases, the latter 36 were provoked by iatrogenic management. Twenty two cases of pneumothorax considered as gaseous effusion and 10 cases of chronic empyema sequelae of pleural effusions were also studied. Proportion comparison demonstrated significant differences between neoplastic and nonneoplastic effusions (p =0.001) and in cases managed with minimally invasive procedures and chest tube drainage (p =0.001). The performance of pleurodesis and thoracoscopy is discussed. In chronic cases, indications of open window thoracostomy and myoplasty are elucidated. CONCLUSIONS: In pleural effusion, opportune diagnosis and proper management are essential. Drainage tube can solve the majority of cases. Pneumothorax must be treated in the same way. In chronic empyema, open window thoracostomy and myoplasty are indicated. Careless patient management and poor treatment lead to iatrogenic complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pleural Effusion/surgery , Drainage/statistics & numerical data , Thoracostomy/statistics & numerical data , Chest Tubes/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Pleural Effusion/complications , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Drainage/methods , Empyema, Pleural/etiology , Hospitalization , Hemothorax/etiology , Iatrogenic Disease , Pleural Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Prospective Studies , Pleurodesis/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia/complications , Pneumothorax/etiology , Thoracic Injuries/complications
17.
J. pneumol ; 29(6): 401-404, nov.-dez. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-359224

ABSTRACT

Hemorragia alveolar, como causa de insuficiência respiratória, é pouco freqüente, com diversas etiologias possíveis. Entre elas, o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, que se apresenta geralmente como síndrome pulmão-rim, possui alta morbimortalidade. Acredita-se que a patogênese da microangiopatia, tanto renal como pulmonar, esteja associada ao depósito de imunocomplexos, que ativariam as vias de apoptose celular. Relatam-se dois casos de pacientes com nefrite lúpica que evoluíram com hemorragia alveolar associada à insuficiência respiratória necessitando de ventilação mecânica com evoluções totalmente distintas frente às terapias farmacológicas. O achado de anticorpos antimembrana basal em um dos casos evidencia a multiplicidade de mecanismos fisiopatológicos possivelmente envolvidos, que poderiam justificar as respostas heterogêneas frente aos tratamentos disponíveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Hemothorax/etiology , Lupus Nephritis/complications , Hemothorax/diagnosis , Hemothorax/drug therapy , Pulmonary Alveoli
18.
Cir. Urug ; 72(2): 93-97, mayo-ago. 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-448428

ABSTRACT

Se analiza una población de 30 pacientes con hemotorax provocados, medianos o graves, en que se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia. La etiología traumática fue la más frecuente. El drenaje torácico fue la conducta quirúrgica más empleada. En 9 casos el fallo del drenaje obligó a realizar una toracotomia diferida para realizar una decorticación precoz o lavado pleural. En 2 casos utilizamos la videotoracoscopia. La toracotomia de emergencia se practicó en 3 casos de pacientes con heridas penetrantes y shockados: uno con herida de bala y 2 de arma blanca. Se murieron 3 pacientes 2 de ellos cursando postoperatorio de Cirugía cardíaca y torácica. El restante una herida cardíaca por arma de fuego.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Hemothorax/surgery , Hemothorax/etiology , Drainage , Thoracic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Thoracic Injuries/complications
19.
Indian Heart J ; 2001 Nov-Dec; 53(6): 769-72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-5316

ABSTRACT

Aneurysm of the peripheral pulmonary arteries is rare. Rupture of pulmonary artery aneurysms manifesting as recurrent hemoptysis with exsanguination is well recognized. We report the case of a young woman who presented with massive hemothorax and shock at the sixth month of pregnancy due to a ruptured lingular artery aneurysm. She was treated with selective coil embolization of the lingular artery to achieve hemostasis. Subsequently, clot evacuation from the pleural space was done. This case is reported for its unsuspected presentation, rarity and to highlight the use of catheter coil embolization to achieve control of bleeding and exclusion of the aneurysm from the pulmonary circulation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aneurysm, Ruptured/complications , Embolization, Therapeutic , Female , Hemothorax/etiology , Humans , Pulmonary Artery/pathology
20.
Rev. chil. cir ; 53(3): 305-308, jun. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300209

ABSTRACT

Se analizaron 37 pacientes operados de hidatidosis pulmonar, entre abril de 1998 y marzo de 2000. El diagnóstico continúa realizándose principalmente por clínica y radiografía de tórax. El 81,1 por ciento de los enfermos (n=30) presenta quiste pulmonar único al momento del diagnóstico. El tamaño promedio de las lesiones es mayor a 8 cm (rango: 1,5-18cm). El 43 por ciento de los casos se encuentra complicado al momento de su evaluación inicial. En 14 pacientes coexiste enfermedad hepática. El abordaje habitual se realizó por toracotomía (97,3 por ciento), siendo la cirugía conservadora (cistoperiquistectomía parcial) el tratamiento de elección (70,3 por ciento). Nuestra serie presenta cifras de complicaciones de 10,8 por ciento (n=4). No hay mortalidad quirúrgica en el grupo evaluado


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cystectomy , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary , Thoracotomy , Cough , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/complications , Hemothorax/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Rural Population , Sex Distribution , Signs and Symptoms
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